Wild At Life Project

Mangrove Reforestation in Sri Lanka

Activity status: Ongoing
Area of Activity: Sri Lanka

Mangroves, which thrive exclusively in tropical and subtropical regions, have developed several unique adaptations that enable them to survive in highly saline water and withstand tidal fluctuations. These remarkable plants primarily evolved in lagoons and estuarine environments, and they are not found in higher latitudes due to their vulnerability to low temperatures. In Sri Lanka, mangrove patches can be found in locations such as Rekawa, Mannar, Puttalam, Kalpitiya, Trincomalee, Negombo, and along the river mouths of the Kaluganga, Bentara, Madu Ganga, Nilwala, and Walawe rivers.

The term “mangrove” refers not to a single species, but to a group of plants that share specific adaptations to thrive in these unique environments. Globally, about 80 mangrove species have been identified, with 28 species present in Sri Lanka. Notable examples include Kirala (Sonneratia alba), Mal Kadol (Bruguiera gymnorhiza), Manda (Avicennia marina), and Gin Pol (Nypa fruticans). These plants have evolved to survive in hypoxic conditions—environments with very low oxygen—characterized by saline, stagnant waters and a high accumulation of debris and sediment.

Mangrove ecosystems are vital habitats for a variety of species, including endemic and migratory birds, lagoon and estuarine fish, prawns, crabs, reptiles, and amphibians. They play a crucial role in maintaining the biodiversity of coastal ecosystems. Additionally, mangroves act as natural barriers, protecting riverbanks from soil and land erosion caused by sea waves, tsunamis, and high tides, while offering numerous other ecosystem services.

Mangroves are far more than just scenic coastal landscapes; they are a vital part of Sri Lanka’s ecosystem and the global coastal environment. These remarkable ecosystems provide essential shelter for young fish and sequester up to 50 times more carbon dioxide than other types of forests, making them key players in the fight against climate change. In addition to their crucial role in supporting biodiversity, mangroves are indispensable in mitigating climate impacts, underscoring the urgent need for their protection and respect.

But their value doesn’t stop there. Mangroves also act as a natural buffer against tropical storms, reducing the damage to coastal communities. For instance, during the 2004 tsunami, areas protected by mangrove forests were found to have fared significantly better than those without.

Despite these clear benefits, mangroves face threats, particularly from the shrimp farming industry. However, Sri Lanka is actively working to protect them, with national education programs focused on raising awareness about the importance of mangroves and their conservation.

Recognized by their dense tangle of roots, mangroves are the wetlands between the coast and mainland. These trees and vegetation partially submerged in water are biodiversity hotspots. They are the primary source of livelihood for coastal communities, stabilize the shoreline, prevent erosion, and clean the local water supply. Most importantly, mangroves store four times more CO2 than terrestrial forests.

Soil Erosion

Over the past 150 years, approximately half of the world’s topsoil has been lost, a concerning statistic that highlights the vulnerability of our planet’s most vital resource for agriculture. Soil erosion, one of the key challenges facing modern farming, contributes significantly to this decline, leading to the degradation of soil quality. Beyond erosion, other agricultural practices have exacerbated the situation, resulting in a range of harmful effects. These include soil compaction, which restricts root growth and water infiltration, and a deterioration of soil health, making it harder to support plant life. The loss of essential nutrients further diminishes soil fertility, while changes in salinity levels can alter the soil’s chemical balance, making it less suitable for cultivation. These issues are not merely theoretical; they pose real, tangible threats to global food security and the environment. In many regions, the consequences can be severe, with farmers facing reduced crop yields and increased vulnerability to droughts and floods. As soil quality continues to decline, the urgency of addressing these problems grows ever more critical.

Our Goal

Our goal is to protect mangrove forests by creating protected zones, setting fishing limits, and restricting tourism activities within these areas. These steps are aimed at reducing the harm caused by human activity and ensuring the long-term health of mangrove ecosystems. To help restore damaged areas, over 40 species of fast-growing mangrove trees have been planted. This reforestation effort is important for bringing back biodiversity and strengthening the mangrove forests. By protecting and restoring these forests, we are also helping coastal communities better withstand the effects of climate change, such as rising sea levels and severe storms. Through these actions, we hope to ensure that mangroves continue to provide vital support to the environment and people

No results found.

This project is carried out in the following activity areas
Protecting Sea Life & Mangroves

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